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Siege of Calais (1596)
The Siege of Calais of 1596, also known as the Spanish conquest of Calais, took place at the strategic port-city of Calais (present-day Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France), between April 8-24, 1596, as part of the Franco-Spanish War (1595-1598), in the context of the French Wars of Religion, the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604), and the Eighty Years' War.〔〔〔Walters/Wagner p.194〕 The siege ended when the city fell into Spanish hands after a short and intense siege by the Spanish Army of Flanders commanded by Archduke Albert of Austria, Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands (''Spanish: Alberto de Austria'').〔〔 The French troops into the citadel of Calais resisted few days more, but finally on April 24, the Spanish troops led by Don Luis de Velasco y Velasco, Count of Salazar, assaulted and captured the fortress, achieving a complete victory.〔 The Spanish success was the first action of the campaign of Archduke Albert of 1596.〔
==Background==
(詳細はFrench Wars of Religion in which Spain had regularly intervened in favour of the Catholic League of France, most notably in the siege of Paris (in 1590) or the Rouen (in 1591), and other battles as Craon in 1592, or the Relief of Blaye in 1593.〔Horne pp.82–83〕 But only, in 1595, the war was officially declared between the two countries by the new King Henry IV of France (''French: Henri de Bourbon''), who had the year before converted to Catholicism and been received into Paris to be crowned.〔
Henry IV was attempting to reconquer large parts of northern France from hostile Spanish-French Catholic forces. In 1595, the Spanish army led by Don Pedro Henríquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes,〔Demarsy p.8〕 took the initiative, conquering a great number of French towns, castles and villages, including Doullens.〔 In the spring of 1596, the French army led by Henry IV laid siege to La Fère, under control of the Catholic League of France.〔(''Siege of Calais'' by Rutger Velpius )〕
After the death at Brussels of the Archduke Ernest of Austria, on 20 February 1595, the Archduke Albert was sent by Philip II of Spain (''Spanish: Felipe II de España'') to Brussels from the Spanish court in Madrid, to succeed his elder brother as Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands, charge assigned to Don Pedro Henríquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes, until the arrival of Albert to the Low Countries. He made his entry in Brussels on February 11, 1596, and his first priority was the conflict with Henry IV of France.〔Duerloo p.44〕 On 29 March, Albert left Brussels, and went to Valenciennes, where met the forces of the Spanish Army of Flanders, and advanced over France in late March, but instead of sending it to relieve La Fère, it turned towards Calais, where it arrived on April 8.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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